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Vitamin A dimers trigger the protracted death of retinal pigment epithelium cells

The retina rapidly incorporates ingested C20-D₃-vitamin A in a swine model

Deuterium enrichment of vitamin A at the C20 position slows the formation of detrimental vitamin A dimers in wild-type rodents

C20-D3-vitamin A slows lipofuscin accumulation and electrophysiological retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Stargardt disease